B Argumentum ad Verecundiam
Arguing that a claim is true simply because an authority says so.
Fallacy List
Name the broken argument, and reason breathes again.
E Petitio Principii
Using the conclusion itself as a hidden premise in the argument.
G Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second.
Z Plurium Interrogationum
Asking a question that contains an unjustified assumption.
A False Balance
Presenting two sides as equally valid when the evidence is not equal.
F Snuck Premise
Smuggling an unsupported assumption into a claim as if it were established.
H False Premise
Building an argument on a premise that is not true.
J Appeal to Definition
Claiming something is true because it matches a chosen definition.
K Equivocation
Shifting the meaning of a key term mid-argument.
N False Equivalence
Treating two things as equal despite meaningful differences.
O Slippery Slope
Claiming a first step will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes.
P False Dilemma
Presenting limited options when more possibilities exist.
Q Cherry Picking
Selecting only evidence that supports a position while ignoring contrary evidence.
R Appeal to Emotion
Using emotion in place of relevant evidence and reasoning.
S Credentials Fallacy
Rejecting valid argumentation because the speaker lacks favored credentials.
T False Authority
Citing an authority figure outside their area of expertise.
U Fallacy Fallacy
Assuming a claim is false solely because an argument for it is fallacious.
W Red Herring
Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the main issue.
Y Argument from Incredulity
Declaring a claim false because it seems hard to imagine.